Cataract

What is cataract?

We all have a lens in our eye that is important for vision. Much like the glasses we wear or the camera lens we use, the clarity of what we see depends on the clarity of the lens in our eye. Cataract is a condition where the lens is clouded and prevents clear vision. While this is more commonly seen in the elderly, it is known to affect younger people as well. Cataract affects vision, daily functioning and the ability to drive, read and view details.

What are its main signs and symptoms?

Cataract may be difficult to sense initially. Though the condition is progressive you may not notice changes since they are very slow. Often these changes in vision are attributed to ageing. It is only when signs are pronounced, it is identified as a cataract. Symptoms of cataract are:

• Blurry or cloudy vision
• Difficulty seeing at night
• Need for bigger font and more light to see clearly
• Loss of brightness in colours
• Sensitivity to lights and glare from the sun
• Double vision
• Seeing a ring or halo around lit objects
• Changes in prescription and eyeglass number frequently

What are its main causes?

Cataract can be caused by:

• Increasing age
• Changes in tissue that makes up lens
• Genetic disorders
• Other health issues like diabetes
• Previous eye problems like surgery, infections etc
• Prolonged use of steroids

How is it diagnosed and treated?

An eye examination and medical history, form the primary diagnosis which may be followed by:

• Vision test to check accuracy in reading material
• Slit lamp exam to examine lens, cornea, iris and spaces between them
• Examination of the retina for cataract

The only way to address cataract and benefit from improved eyesight when prescription glasses don’t help is to opt for surgery. Surgery for cataract is proven and safe, and with an improvement in processes is quick and hassle-free. The lens with cataract is replaced with an artificial lens which then forms part of the eye. Corrective lenses can also eliminate the need for glasses after surgery. Post-operative care is one of the most critical parts of the procedure.

1. American Optometric Association. Cataract. Lindbergh Boulevard,United States; [Internet]
2. National Eye Institute. Facts About Cataract. U.S. National Institutes of Health[Internet]
3. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: US National Library of Medicine; Cataract
4. Center for Disease Control and Prevention [internet], Atlanta (GA): US Department of Health and Human Services; Cataract
5. Center for Disease Control and Prevention [internet], Atlanta (GA): US Department of Health and Human Services; Common Eye Disorders

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