Scalded Skin Syndrome: Unveiling the Risks and Complications

The bacteria that cause scalded skin syndrome are common in healthy people. According to the British Association of Dermatologists, it always remains on the body of 40 percent of people and does not cause any harm to them.

The problem arises when bacteria enter the body through cracks in the skin. The poisons produced by bacteria damage the skin. Then the upper layers of skin start separating from the body.

The venom can also enter the bloodstream, causing a skin-wide reaction. Because young children – especially newborns – have underdeveloped immune systems they are at greatest risk. According to research published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine, 98 percent of cases occur in children under 6 years of age. Adults with weakened immune systems or poor kidneys are also susceptible.

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The early symptoms of SSSS usually begin with the typical signs of infection:

• Fever

• irritability

• Tiredness

• feeling cold

• weakness

• loss of appetite

• Conjunctivitis 

Scaly lesions may also occur. The lesions usually appear in the diaper area or around the umbilical cord in newborns and on the face in children and in adults, it can appear anywhere.

As the poison spreads in the body the following symptoms may appear such as:

• red and tender skin

• easily bursting blisters

• skin peeling

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Scalded skin syndrome is usually diagnosed by examination and a look at the medical history.

The symptoms of scalded skin syndrome can be similar to those of other skin disorders such as bullous impetigo and eczema, so the doctor may perform a skin biopsy or take cultures. They may also take blood tests and tissue samples by swabbing the inside of the throat and nose.

In many cases, treatment will require hospitalization. Treatment generally includes:

• oral or intravenous antibiotics to clear up infection

• pain medicine

• skin protection cream

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories and steroids are not used because they can have negative effects on the kidneys and immune system. As soon as the blisters dry up and start oozing during treatment, problems like dehydration start to arise. Therefore, it is advisable to drink plenty of water and fluids. Complete recovery occurs only after five to seven days.

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If most people with SSSS get prompt treatment, they recover without any problems or skin scarring.

However, the same bacteria that causes scalded skin syndrome can also cause the following problems:

• pneumonia

• Cellulitis (infection of the deeper layers of the skin and the fat and tissue beneath it)

• Sepsis (infection of the bloodstream)

• Shock

• dehydration

• Bacteremia, which occurs when the blood becomes infected

• sepsis, which occurs when the body's response to an infection damages its own tissues

• spread of infection

These conditions can be life threatening, making prompt treatment even more important.

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Staph bacteria are very hardy and can survive extreme temperatures, dryness and even stomach acid. Skin syndrome can be prevented by stopping the spread of bacteria. Taking the following precautions may help:

• Wash your hands frequently with soap and water.

• Take a bath every day.

• Keep wounds, cuts and rashes clean and covered.

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Scalded skin syndrome is rare but can be severe and painful when it occurs, but is usually not fatal. Most people recover quickly and completely with prompt treatment – without any lasting side effects or scarring. If you notice symptoms of scalded skin syndrome in your child, see your doctor or your child's doctor as soon as possible.