Borax is a naturally occurring mineral compound that is basically a form of sodium borate, a boron ore. Initially found within the dry lake beds of Sitsang, it travelled to different countries via the Silk Road. The mineral was named after the Arabic word “buraq”, which implies the colour white. Depending on the chemical composition, borax can be available as Sodium Borate, Sodium tetraborate or disodium tetraborate. Borax is either colourless or is in grey, grey-white, green or blue in colour. It has a clear to opaque look, non-fluorescent properties, white streak, and is greasy. The mineral is shaped as uniformly indistinguishable crystals forming massive, prismatic or smooth structures. The average density of mineral is 1.71 g/cm3, and its hardness varies from 2 to 2.5.
Borax is formed in sediment deposits, salt lakes, beaches, and is usually well-crystallized. It additionally originates as efflorescence (in the form of crystals) on soils in arid regions. It is closely related to minerals like halite, hanksite, gaylussite, nitratine, calcite, etc.
Even though borax was first found in Tibet, in the present day, Turkey, US, Chile and Romania are also known for their borax deposits. Most of the world’s Borates nowadays reach from the southern US.
Also identified as “the miracle mineral”, borax possesses water softening properties and is hence used in cleaning solutions. Some hand soaps also are found to contain borax. Additionally, it can also be used as a flux in welding and soldering. To give a firm yet rubbery texture to food, certain countries use borax as a food additive. However, there are many alternative ways to use it.
Some basic Facts about Borax:
- Chemical Formula: Na2B4O5(OH)4•8(H2O) or Na2B4O7. 10H2O
- IUPAC ID of Borax: Sodium tetraborate decahydrate
- Common Name(s): Sodium Borate, Sodium Tetraborate, or Disodium Tetraborate, it is an important boron compound, and a mineral, as well as the salt of boric acid.
- Common Hindi name: सुहागा (Suhaga)
- Name Origin: Old name of Borax is Tincal which comes from Sanskrit word Tanaka. It is used to refer to crude borax from deposits in lakes of Tibet and Persia. The current name Borax is believed to originate from middles English word boras.
- Native Region and Geographical Distribution: Borax is a mineral that was initially discovered in the dry lake beds of Tibet. Other places where Borax commercially produced are Turkey and Searles Lake in California. It is also found in Atacama desert, Bolivia and Romania. Natural borax undergoes recrystallization process before it is made available for commercial purposes.