Gemtero (Gemcitabine) is an antineoplastic (cancer-fighting) medication used in the treatment of various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. It belongs to the class of drugs called nucleoside analogs, which interfere with DNA synthesis in cancer cells, inhibiting their growth and proliferation.

Uses

• Non-small cell lung cancer
• Pancreatic cancer
• Breast cancer
• Ovarian cancer
• Bladder cancer (in combination with other drugs)

Gemcitabine works by inhibiting DNA synthesis. It incorporates itself into the DNA of cancer cells during replication, leading to cell death. It also inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA production.

Onset of Action

The onset of action for Gemcitabine varies depending on the type of cancer but typically occurs after multiple cycles of therapy.

Duration of Action

The half-life of Gemcitabine ranges from 42 minutes to 94 minutes, depending on the dose. The pharmacodynamic effects may last several days after administration.

Dosage

• Non-small cell lung cancer: 1000 mg/m² on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle, combined with cisplatin.
• Pancreatic cancer: 1000 mg/m² once weekly for up to 7 weeks, followed by a week of rest, then weekly for 3 out of 4 weeks.
• Breast cancer: 1250 mg/m² on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle, combined with paclitaxel.
• Dosages vary based on cancer type, patient condition, and response to therapy.

Side Effects

• Nausea and vomiting
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Low blood cell counts (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)
• Shortness of breath
• Skin rash

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.
• Avoid use in pregnant and breastfeeding women unless necessary.
• Monitor blood counts and organ functions regularly.