Myelostem contains Melphalan, a chemotherapy medication belonging to the class of alkylating agents. It is primarily used to treat multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer. Melphalan interferes with the DNA replication of cancer cells, inhibiting their growth and spread.

Uses

1. Treatment of multiple myeloma

2. Treatment of ovarian cancer

3. Treatment of certain cases of breast cancer and neuroblastoma (off-label)

Mechanism of Action

Melphalan cross-links DNA strands, leading to impaired DNA replication and cell death. This action affects rapidly dividing cancer cells more than normal cells.

Dosage

• Multiple myeloma: Typically, 0.15 mg/kg orally daily for 4 to 7 days in intermittent cycles.

• Ovarian cancer: Usually 0.2 mg/kg orally daily for 5 days, repeated every 4 to 5 weeks.

Onset and Duration of Action

• Onset of Action: Several days to weeks after starting treatment.

• Duration of Action: Dependent on the dose and type of cancer treated; effects are prolonged due to its impact on DNA.

Side Effects

• Nausea and vomiting

• Hair loss (alopecia)

• Bone marrow suppression

• Fatigue

• Diarrhea

• Mouth sores

• Increased risk of infection

Precautions

1. Regular blood tests are required to monitor blood cell counts.

2. Avoid live vaccines during treatment.

3. Use effective contraception to prevent pregnancy during treatment.

4. Inform the doctor of any history of liver, kidney, or heart problems.

Storage

• Store tablets in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.