Hydrogem contains Hydroxyurea, an antineoplastic agent primarily used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), cervical cancer, and sickle cell anemia. It works by inhibiting DNA synthesis, slowing the growth of cancer cells, and increasing fetal hemoglobin levels in sickle cell disease.

Uses

• Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
• Cervical cancer
• Sickle cell anemia
• Polycythemia vera
• Essential thrombocythemia

Mechanism of Action

Hydroxyurea inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, an enzyme necessary for DNA synthesis. This leads to decreased cell replication, particularly affecting rapidly dividing cancer cells. In sickle cell anemia, it increases fetal hemoglobin levels, reducing the frequency of painful crises.

Onset of Action

The onset varies depending on the indication, with improvements in sickle cell anemia seen within a few weeks.

Duration of Action

The half-life of Hydroxyurea ranges from 3 to 4 hours, but therapeutic effects can last longer.

Dosage

• CML: 20-30 mg/kg/day orally, adjusted as needed.
• Sickle cell anemia: Initial dose of 15 mg/kg/day orally, increased gradually.
• Cervical cancer (with radiation): 80 mg/kg orally every 3 days.
  Dosage varies based on condition, age, and patient response under medical supervision.

Side Effects

• Bone marrow suppression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fatigue
• Skin ulcers
• Hyperpigmentation
• Hair thinning

Precautions

• Regular blood count monitoring is necessary to avoid severe myelosuppression.
• Avoid use during pregnancy unless clearly needed.
• Caution in patients with renal impairment.
• Use effective contraception during treatment and for some time after stopping.